• Ориенталистика
• 2023 год
• Vol 6, № 5

A comprehensive study of the socio-economic relations in medieval Muslim society started late. This fact is evidenced by the limited number of researches related to this aspect of public life in the Middle East in the Middle Ages. In particular, modern researchers do not have sufϐicient data on the economic life of the region in the research period. The article analyzes the inϐluence of climatic conditions on the economic development of Iraq and as a consequence the entire ‘Abbasid state during the crisis of the 10th century. The paper describes in detail the natural disasters (ϐloods, hurricanes, earthquakes, droughts and others) that overtook the region in the 10th century, as well as their economic consequences.

• ‘Abbasids
• Medieval Iraq
• natural disasters
• economy of the Middle East

1. Belyaev E. A. Arabs, Islam and the Arabian Caliphate in Early Midieval Times. Moscow: Nauka, 1966 (in Russian).
2. Bolshakov O. G. The Medieval City of the Middle East (7th Century — Middle of Thirteenth Century): Socio-Economic Relations. Moscow: Nauka, 1984 (in Russian).
3. Bolshakov O. G. Metrological Notes. Written Monuments of the Orient. 2010. № 1 (12), pp. 153–184 (in Russian).
4. Borisenko A. Y., Xudyakov Y. S. The Experience of Systematization of Data on Earthquakes That Occurred on the Territory of the Countries of the Far, Middle and Middle East in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and Their Consequences for the Population and Habitat. Vestnik NGU. Series: History, Philology. 2012. № 3, pp. 239–260 (in Russian).
5. Mikhailova I. B. Medieval Baghdad: Some Aspects of Social and Political History of the City in the Middle of X — the Middle XIII Century. Moscow: Nauka, 1990 (in Russian).
6. Muranov A. P. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1959 (in Russian).
7. Natural Disasters and Extreme Events in the Near and Middle East (VII–XVII centuries). Ed. By Z.M. Buniyatov. Baky: ELM, 1990 (in Russian).
8. Filshtinskij I. M. The History of the Arabs and the Caliphate (750–1517). Moscow: AST, 2006 (in Russian).
9. Xudyakov Y.S. Comparative Analysis of Data from Arabic, Persian and Chinese Sources on Unusual Natural Phenomena and Disasters Happening on the Near, Middle East and Central Asia in the Early Middle Ages. Vestnik NGU. Series: History, Philology. 2011. № 10 (5), pp. 247–253 (in Russian).
10. Chebotarev A. I. Hydrological dictionary. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1978 (in Russian).
11. Anonymous manuscript of the National Library named after Saints Cyril and Methodius (Bulgaria, Sofia): Or. 1692.
12. Ashtor E. A. Social and Economic History of the Near East in the Middle Ages. Berkely — Los Angeles — London: University of California Press, 1976.
13. Al-Faruque M. Some Aspects of Economic History During the Early 4th/10th Century (295-335/908-945): the Role of Trade in the Economy. (Ph. D. thesis). The University of Toronto, 1993.
14. Domínguez-Castro F., Vaquero J. M., Marín M., Gallego M. C., García-Herrera, R. How useful could Arabic documentary sources be for reconstructing past climate? Weather. 2012. № 67, pp. 76–82.
15. Ehrenkreutz A. S. The Kurr System in Medieval Iraq. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 1962. № 5(3), pp. 309–314.
16. Le Strange G. The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1873.
17. Al-Samarrai H. Q. Agriculture in Iraq during the 3rd/9th Century (Ph. D. thesis). The University of London, 1972.
18. Shatzmiller M. Economic performance and economic growth in the Early Islamic world. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 2011. № 54 (2), pp.132–184.
19. Tholib U. The Economic Factors of the ‘Abbasid Decline during the Buwayhid Rule in the Fourth/Tenth Century. Al-Jami‘ah. 2009. № 47 (2), pp. 343–376.
20. Zaman M. Q. The Caliphs, the ʿUlamāʾ, and the Law: Defining the Role and Function of the Caliph in the Early Abbasid Period. Islamic Law and Society. 1997. № 4 (1), pp. 1–36.